作者： shanchen9

1. An association panel comprising 378 diverse maize inbred lines from the northeast of China, the temperate region in the United States and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, were used for GWAS. All materials were kept in the College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University.

2. Phenotypic Data Collection. The 378 inbred lines were grown in Fushun City, Liaoning Province, China (121°74′ E, 42°14′ N) in May 2017 (17FS) and Ledong city, Hainan Province, China (108°39′ E, 18°24′ N) in November 2017 (17LD). Fifteen plants were planted in a 2.5 m long row with 0.6 m row distance, and the planting density was approximately 45,000 plants/ha. The inbred lines were labeled before pollination for standard field management. Chlorophyll content was measured using a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502, plus Konica Minolta, Tokyo, Japan), which was non-destructive, fast and cheap. SPAD-502 readings were taken from five plants per plot on five dates at a 5 d interval starting 0 d after silking. There were three measurements in the middle of the ear leaf for each plant, and the average value was used for the statistical analysis. The area under the chlorophyll content curve (AUCCC) was calculated based on SPAD-502 readings on all measure dates.

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1. Panel for Association Mapping. 378 inbred lines, collected from China, America, Mexico, and other regions, among them, most from Northeast China, regarded as the northeast China core population (NCCP), were utilized to conduct GWAS in the current study.

2. Phenotypic Data Collection. The maize field in our study were not irrigated, but seeds were sown before precipitation according to weather forecasts for germination. The target traits of seedling emergence (ER), seedling plant height (SPH) at the three-leaf stage and grain yield (GY) at the harvest stage were evaluated to represent the drought tolerance of the tested plant line.

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1. Panel for Association Mapping. The association panel consists of 508 maize inbred lines, including 60 from the United States’ Germplasm Enhancement of Maize, 223 from Mexico’s International Center for Maize Improvement (CIMMYT), and 225 from China’s germplasm resources. All resources were preserved by the College of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Shenyang Agricultural University.

2. Phenotypic Data Collection. Maize brace root traits were measured during reproductive growth. Brace roots in good condition, without cracking or wilting, were chosen to facilitate subsequent correlation analysis in order to obtain more accurate data. In each row, two outermost brace roots close to the ground with mid-growing were selected for measurement. Measure the brace root diameter (BRD) using an electronic vernier caliper in the middle of the base of the brace roots (Centimeter). The brace root angle (BRA) was measured between the point of occurrence of the brace root and the main stem (degree).

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