import tkinter
import time
class graphics:
def __init__(self, w, h, title):
''' Initialize the graphics object.
Creates a new tkinter Tk object,
and a tkinter Canvas object,
placed insize the Tk object.
'''
self.primary = tkinter.Tk()
self.primary.title(title)
self.primary.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (w, h, 50, 100))
self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(self.primary, width=w, height=h, highlightthickness=0)
self.canvas.focus_set()
self.canvas.pack()
self.mouse_x = 0
self.mouse_y = 0
self.images = {}
self.frame_count = 0
self.__handle_motion()
'''
BEGIN PRIVATE FUNCTION(S)
'''
def __handle_motion(self):
''' Ensure mouse x and y coordinates are updated when mouse moves.
'''
def motion_action(event):
self.mouse_x = event.x
self.mouse_y = event.y
self.canvas.bind('<Motion>', motion_action)
'''
END PRIVATE FUNCTION(S)
'''
def resize(self, width, height):
self.primary.geometry(str(width) + 'x' + str(height))
def text(self, x, y, content, fill='black', size=17):
''' Draw text on the canvas.
Must always specify the text, x, y position.
Can optionally specify the fill color and size.
'''
text = self.canvas.create_text(x, y, text=content, fill=fill, font=('Arial', size), anchor='nw')
self.canvas.move(text, 0, 0)
def set_left_click_action(self, callee):
''' Call the callee function whenever the left click happens.
callee should take two parameters, the mouse x and mouse y coordinates.
'''
def left_click_action(event):
callee(self, event.x, event.y)
''' <Button-1> is the left-most mouse button '''
self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', left_click_action)
def set_right_click_action(self, callee):
''' Call the callee function whenever the right click happens.
callee should take two parameters, the mouse x and mouse y coordinates.
'''
def right_click_action(event):
callee(self, event.x, event.y)
''' <Button-2> or <Button-3> is the right-most mouse button.
Both are set just in case '''
self.canvas.bind('<Button-2>', right_click_action)
self.canvas.bind('<Button-3>', right_click_action)
def set_keyboard_action(self, callee):
''' Call the callee function whenever a keyboard key is pressed.
callee should take one parameter, a char representing the key.
'''
def keyboard_action(event):
callee(self, event.char)
self.canvas.bind('<KeyPress>', keyboard_action)
def get_color_string(self, red, green, blue):
''' accepts three ints that should represent and RGB color.
Returns a hex string'''
hex_string = hex(red)[2:].rjust(2, '0') + \
hex(green)[2:].rjust(2, '0') + \
hex(blue)[2:].rjust(2, '0')
return '#' + hex_string
def triangle(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, fill='black'):
''' Draw a triangle.
The three corners of the triangle are specified with the parameter coordinates.
'''
r = self.canvas.create_polygon(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, fill=fill)
self.canvas.move(r, 0, 0)
def line(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, fill='black', width=3):
''' Draw a line.
The two ends of the line are specified with the parameter coordinates.
'''
r = self.canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill=fill, width=width)
self.canvas.move(r, 0, 0)
def ellipse(self, x, y, w, h, fill='black'):
''' Draw an ellipse on the canvas.
Specify x, y (center of ellipse) and width / height.
'''
r = self.canvas.create_oval(x-(w/2), y-(h/2), x+(w/2), y+(h/2), fill=fill, outline='')
self.canvas.move(r, 0, 0)
def rectangle(self, x, y, w, h, fill='black'):
''' Draw a rectangle on the canvas.
Specify x, y (top-left corner) and width / height.
'''
r = self.canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x+w, h+y, fill=fill, outline='')
self.canvas.move(r, 0, 0)
def image(self, x, y, up_scale, down_scale, file_name):
''' Draw an image on the canvas.
Specify x, y (top-left corner) and width / height.
'''
if file_name not in self.images:
self.images[file_name] = tkinter.PhotoImage(file=file_name)
self.images[file_name] = self.images[file_name].zoom(up_scale, up_scale)
self.images[file_name] = self.images[file_name].subsample(down_scale, down_scale)
i = self.canvas.create_image(x, y, anchor='nw', image=self.images[file_name])
self.canvas.move(i, 0, 0)
return self.images[file_name]
def update(self):
''' Does an idle task update and regular update.
'''
self.primary.update_idletasks()
self.primary.update()
def frame_space(self, frame_rate):
''' Sleeps for a time that corresponds to the provided frame rate.
'''
sleep_ms = 1.0 / float(frame_rate)
time.sleep(sleep_ms)
def update_frame(self, frame_rate):
''' Updates and sleeps.
This should be called at the end of each iteration of a users draw loop.
'''
self.update()
self.frame_space(frame_rate)
self.frame_count += 1
def draw(self):
''' Draw a static graphic. Should be called after specifying the shapes to draw.
'''
self.primary.mainloop()
def clear(self):
''' Clears the canvas.
'''
self.canvas.delete('all')
from graphics import graphics # 导入graphics文件
def main(): # 定义主函数
print("绘制一朵花") # 输出文本
myCanvas = graphics(500, 500, "Flower") # 新建一个画布，宽500，高500，名字为花
myCanvas.rectangle(0, 400, 500, 100, "green") # 矩形，在0，400位置画宽500，高100，绿色
myCanvas.rectangle(0, 0, 500, 400, "light blue") # 在0，0位置画宽500，高400的淡蓝色矩形
myCanvas.line(250, 200, 250, 450, "dark green", 5) # 在250，200处画到250，450的线，深绿色，宽度5
myCanvas.triangle(250, 150, 250, 250, 400, 200, "purple") # 画三角形，给3个顶点坐标，紫色
myCanvas.triangle(250, 150, 250, 250, 100, 200, "purple") # 画三角形，给3个顶点坐标，紫色
myCanvas.triangle(300, 200, 200, 200, 250, 50, "purple") # 画三角形，给3个顶点坐标，紫色
myCanvas.triangle(300, 200, 200, 200, 250, 350, "purple") # 画三角形，给3个顶点坐标，紫色
myCanvas.ellipse(250, 200, 75, 75, "orange") # 在250，200处画宽75高75的椭圆，橙色
myCanvas.draw() # 绘制
main()
